| Our Plant List Each year, it's always a gamble as to what will survive the winter, or what will germinate, but this is the general list suitable for cold temperature permaculture gardens. Disclaimer: take advice before using as medicines. TREES | Tree | Characteristics | Uses | Linden | Loved by mammals and bees. Attractive shade tree. | Much prized Linden Honey Linden perfume Foods include chocolate flavour desert from young nutlets, coffee substitute from mature nutlets Medicinal: flowers and leaves Wood prized by carvers Roof shingles from bark Inner bark for baskets and rope Animal forage Firewood Structures and support from coppice | Black Elder | Attracts Birds and Bees, Good hedging plant for shelter and protection | Foods include jams, jellies, wines and cordials from both berries and flowers Craft items: Romany flowers, whistles, pegs, spoons, toys, beads Dyes: Berry juice (blue, purple, violet), leaves (green), bark (black) Medicinal: Flowers, berries, leaves, bark Mulch: leaves Good Hedging plant for shelter and protection Mosquito, midge, fly and aphid repellent | | Mountain Ash | Ornamental, Loved by butterflies, birds and mammals, good hedging plant | Foods: Jelly, Coffee Substitute, Cordial, Wines, Ale Firewood Coppice: Support, Structures, Tools, Handles, Walking Sticks, magic wants, diviners, druid staffs Wood: Bowls, Plates, Planks, Beams Medicinal: Bark & berries (Black) All parts but take advice Used in Tanning | | Spruce (white and Red) | It frequently grows with pine, fir, aspen, birch, sugar maple and willow. Oak fern, horsetail, and gooseberry often grow under white spruce. Spruce provide food, nesting sites and protection for wildlife. Snowshoe hares and coyotes live in these forests. Red spruce seeds are eaten by white-winged crossbills, red-winged crossbills and pine siskins. | Paper making, firewood, edible nuts (you'd probably have to be really hungry!), mulch, gum and resin. Aboriginal people used most parts, they made spruce saplings into snowshoe frames and bows. They heated the gum to make a glue to fasten skins onto bows and arrowheads onto shafts. They used the decayed wood for tanning hides. Spruce bark was also used to make cooking pots and trays for gathering berries. | | Pine | Fast-growing tree suited to restoration of dry, poor, and acidic lands, provides shady areas and good windbreaks for wildlife conservation. | Firewood, building material for log cabins, edible pine nuts, medicinal pine needle teas, poles, posts, pulpwood, needles and cones for mulch, oils. | | Red Oak | 
Snowshoe, red squirrels, grouse, bluejays, grackles, woodpeckers and small mammals love the acorns. | Firewood, furniture, flooring, mulch, shade, cooling, acorns. | | Maples (red, striped, sugar) | | | | Hawthorne | | | | Apple | | | | Elm | | | | Beech | | | | Tamarack | | | | Cherry | | | | Chokecherry | | | | Plum | | | | Pear | | | | Green Ash | | | | Poplar | | | | Wild Birch | | | | Wild Apple | | | | Alder | | Nitrogen Fixer |
BUSHES & SHRUBS | Witch Hazel, Service Berry, Red Osier Dogwood, Gooseberry, Blackcurrents, Redcurrants, Whitecurrants, Raspberries, Wild Rose, Blueberries, Blackberry, Highbush Cranberry. |
VINES | Grapes, Wild Grapes, Cinnamon Yam, Schisandra, Arctic Kiwi, Apios Americana |
PERENNIALS Herbs | | Edibles | Floral | Catnip Pineapple Mint Spearmint Banana mint Lemon Balm Lime Balm Chives Bee Balms Winter savoury Summer Savoury Feverfew |
St John's wort Spider wort Ginger mint Mugwort Thyme Vervain Yarrow Soapwort | Good King Henry Rhubarb Asparagus Artichoke, Horseradish French Sorrel Garden Sorrel Perennial Onions Cardoon Perpetual Spinach Salad Burnet Comfrey, Arugula Jerusalem artichokes Apios americana Goji Berries Strawberries Wild Strawberries | Roses Lupins Daffodils Bluebells Crocuses Cowslip Lilies Violas Poppies Day Lilies Black Cohosh |
ANNUALS (Heirlooms) Stevia Kohlrabi Salads Rutibaga Turnip Parsnip Carrot Beets Fodder Sugar beet jicama | kales garlic nasturtiums marigolds endive mizuna mustards potatoes tomatoes onions celery mustard | basil celeriac salsify scorzonera sweet potato zucchini sunflowers, quinoa pulses amaranth corn salad | lots of types of peas & beans, flax, wheat, rye, oats, barley, cucumbers, foxgloves, dill, corn coriander parsley tomatillo | lots of squashes, pumpkins. peanuts, alfalfa, borage, chamomile winter radishes cabbages broccolis wonderberry | chia, gourds, chard, earth chestnut, chufa nuts, burdock, thai wax gourd, radishes luffa |
Fabulous Permaculture Diary & Calendar 2010 | Details! |  |  |
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